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Εδώ το ενεργοποιημένο echolink θα συνεργαστεί με το δικό σας Allstalink Node και θα ανταλλάσσουν πληροφορίες ως γέφυρα. Από Echolink προς το node σας και το αντίστροφο. Χρειάζεται μόνο να δώσετε εντολή DTMF μέσω του Supermon. *33 και αριθμός του node για σύνδεση *13 και αριθμός του node για αποσύνδεση (Αναφέρονται όλα αυτά στο βίντεο. Πάρτε το με τη σειρά και θα σας βγει εύκολα.)

Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) is a digital radio standard for voice and data transmission over non-public radio networks. It was created by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and is designed to be low-cost and easy to use. DMR, along with P25 Phase II and NXDN are the main competing technologies to achieve 6.25 kHz equivalent bandwidth using the proprietary AMBE+2 voice codec. DMR and P25 II both use two-slot TDMA on a 12.5 kHz channel , while NXDN uses discrete 6.25 kHz channels using frequency division and TETRA uses four-slot TDMA on a 25 kHz channel. DMR was designed with three levels. DMR levels I and II (conventional) were first published in 2005 and DMR III (Trunked version) was published in 2012, with manufacturers producing products within a few years of each publication. The primary objective of the standard is to define a digital system with low complexity, low cost and inter-brand interoperability, so that radio buyers are not locked into a proprietary solution. In practice, given the current limited scope of the DMR standard, many vendors have introduced proprietary features that make their product offerings non-interoperable with other brands. SPECIFICATIONS The DMR interface is defined by following ETSI standards: TS 102 361-1: Air interface protocol TS 102 361-2: Voice and General services and facilities TS 102 361-3: Data protocol TS 102 361-4: Trunk protocol The DMR standard works within the existing channel spacing 12.5 kHz used in terrestrial mobile frequency bands worldwide, but achieves two channels of voice through two-slot TDMA technology built around a 30 ms structure. The modulation is 4-state FSK, which creates four possible symbols on the air at a rate of 4,800 symbols/s, which corresponds to 9,600 bits/s. After overhead, forward error correction, and splitting into two channels, 2,450 bits/s remain for a single voice channel using DMR, compared to 4,400 bits/ s using P25 and 64,000 bit/s with traditional telephone circuits. The standards are still (as of late 2015) under development with revisions made regularly as more systems are developed and improvements are discovered. It is very likely that further improvements will be made to the standard, something which will require future firmware upgrades in terminals and infrastructure to take advantage of these new improvements, with potential incompatibility issues if not done. DMR covers the RF range from 30 MHz to 1 GHz. There are DMR implementations, (from early of 2016), operating up to 66 MHz (within the European Union, in "Lo-Band VHF" 66–88 MHz.) The DMR Association and manufacturers often claim that DMR has superior coverage performance to analog FM. Forward error correction can achieve higher voice quality when the receive signal is still relatively high. In practice, however, digital modulation protocols are much more prone to multipath interference and fail to provide service in areas where analog FM would otherwise provide degraded but audible voice service. At higher voice quality, DMR outperforms analog FM by about 11 dB. But at lower voice quality, analog FM outperforms DMR by about 5 dB. Where digital signal processing has been used to improve quality of analog FM audio, then analog FM generally outperforms DMR in all cases, with a typical improvement of 2–3 dB for "high quality" voice and about 5 dB improvement for "lower quality" voice. Where digital signal processing is used to improving analog FM audio, the overall "delivered sound quality" is also significantly better than DMR. However, the DSP processing of analog FM audio does not remove the 12.5 kHz requirement, so DMR is still more efficient spectral. DMRDMR Tier I SERIES DMR Tier I products are intended for unlicensed use in the European PMR446 band. Tier I products are specified for non-infrastructure use only (ie without the use of repeaters). This part of the standard provides for consumer applications and low power commercial applications, using a maximum RF power of 0.5 watts. Note that there is no license free assignment on this frequency outside of Europe, which means that PMR446 radios, including DMR Tier I wireless radios, can be legally used in other countries only if the appropriate radio license is obtained by the operator. Some DMR radios sold by Chinese manufacturers (mainly Baofeng) have been mislabeled as DMR Tier I. A DMR Tier I radio will only use the unlicensed PMR446 frequencies and have maximum transmit power of 0.5 W as required by law for all PMR446 radios. Although the DMR standard allows DMR Tier I radios to use continuous transmission mode, all known Tier I radios currently use TDMA, the same with Tier II. This is likely due to the battery savings that come with transmitting only half the time instead of continuously. DMR Tier II DMR Tier II covers licensed conventional radio systems, mobile and handheld devices operating in PMR frequency bands from 66 –960 MHz. The ETSI DMR Tier II standard is aimed at those users who need spectral efficiency, advanced voice functions and integrated IP data services in licensed bands for high power communications. Some manufacturers market DMR Tier II compliant products. ETSI DMR specifies two TDMA slots on 12.5 kHz channels for Tier II and III. DMR Tier III A portable radio compliant with the DMR Tier III digital radio standard. DMR Tier III covers trunking in frequency bands 66–960 MHz. Tier III supports TETRA-like voice and short message handling with embedded 128-character status messages and short messages with up to 288 bits of data in various formats.It also supports packet data service in various formats, including support for IPv4 and IPv6. Tier III compliant products were released in 2012. In April 2013, Hytera participated in the completion of the DMR Tier III Interoperability Test (IOP). DMR ASSOCIATION In 2005, a memorandum of understanding (MOU) was established with potential DMR suppliers, including Tait Communications, Fylde Micro, Selex, Motorola, Hytera, Sanchar Communication, Vertex Standard, Kenwood and Icom to establish common standards and interoperability. While the DMR standard does not specify the vocoder, members of the MoU agreed to use the vocoder half-rate DVSI Advanced Multi-Band Excitation (AMBE) to ensure interoperability. In 2009, MS members established the DMR Association to work on interoperability between vendors' equipment and provide information on the DMR standard. Official testing interoperability tests have been conducted since 2010. The results are published on the DMR Association website. There are approximately 40 members of the DMR Association. The standard allows DMR manufacturers to implement additional features beyond the standard, which has led to practical issues of non-interoperability between commercial signals, in violation of the DMR MS. HAMMER USE DMR is used in the VHF and UHF amateur radio bands, which was initiated by DMR-MARC around 2010. The FCC officially approved the use of DMR by amateurs in 2014. At amateur sites, coordinated DMR identification numbers are assigned and managed by RadioID Inc. The coordinated database can be uploaded to DMR radios to display the name, call sign and location of other operators. Internet-connected systems such as DMR-MARC, Free-Star ( an experimental approach to implementing a vendor neutral and open source, digital communication network for amateur radio), BrandMeister network, TGIF, FreeDMR and many others (including many previously closed clusters now connected to larger networks in wide area accessibility), allow users to communicate with other users around the world through connected DMR repeaters or 'hotspots' which are often based on a Raspberry Pi board computer. There are currently more than 5,500 repeaters and 16,000 'hotspots' connected to the BrandMeister system worldwide. The low cost and the increasing availability of Internet-connected systems have led to an increase in the use of DMR in the amateur radio bands. The development of Raspberry Pi-based hotspots, often those using Pi-Star software, has allowed users to connect their radios to one or more Internet-connected systems simultaneously. DMR hotspots are often based on the open source Multimode Digital Voice Modem or MMDVM, hardware with firmware developed by Jonathan Naylor.

This section on this website is the transfer of the corresponding one from the existing address https://u-ham.weebly.com , which, although it does not exclusively concern the general approach that is the object of FRN, nevertheless its integration was deemed necessary for reasons of economy of space, information, as well as unified management since the previous two websites (hellas-frn.weebly and u-ham.weebly) are owned by the same administrator. Another reason is that projects of U-Ham anyway, in addition to the digital networks, are mostly used in the Hellas-FRN network as well. Without putting much emphasis on the name U-Ham , this logo with the corresponding surrounding shape is imprinted on all the faces and main pcbs of the projects for the last 8 years. The creation of the name is the exclusive inspiration of the administrator and owner of Hellas-FRN as a combined paraphrase of the existing name "U-HAUL", an American transport company, which means that you, by yourself, move with our means of transport. (The other meaning of u-haul that is out there, is not our concern). So also here, the "U-HAM " in essence approximates the concept of radio amateurs, namely in that they try mostly on their own, with maybe a little help from colleagues, to practice the hobby using NON-commercial projects. These projects are made in the context of technical mutual assistance between radio amateurs. In the sense of NON-commercialism, the name U-HAM is not reserved, HOWEVER, and in any way, its use by third parties, although it has nothing to do with the above stated authenticity and inspiration of its creation, it is simply left to the fare play which should govern the "rules of the game" within the ham radio community. 73! Hellas-FRN Administrator

Click on the image to see the dashboard Project 25 (P25 or APCO-25) is a suiteof standards for interoperable digital two-way radio products. P25 was developed by public safety professionals in North America and has gained acceptance for public safety, security, public service, and commercial applications worldwide. P25 radios are a direct replacement for analog UHF (typically FM ) radios, but add the ability to transfer data as well as voice, allowing for more natural implementations of encryption and text messaging . P25 radios are commonly implemented by dispatch organizations, such as police , fire , ambulance and emergency rescue service, using vehicle-mounted radios combined with repeaters and handheld walkie-talkie use. Starting around 2012, products became available with the newer phase 2 modulation protocol, the older protocol known as P25 became P25 phase 1. P25 phase 2 products use the more advanced AMBE2+ vocoder, which allows audio to pass through a more compressed bitstream and provides two TDMA voice channels in the same RF bandwidth (12.5 kHz), while phase 1 can provide only one voice channel. The two protocols are not compatible. However, P25 Phase 2 infrastructure can provide a "dynamic transcoder" feature that translates between Phase 1 and Phase 2 as needed. In addition to this, phase 2 radios are backwards compatible with phase 1 modulation and analog FM modulation, per the standard. The European Union has created the Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) and Digital mobile radio (DMR) protocol standards, which fill a similar role to Project 25.

Useful Links for P/E Unions and Associations Area 1 Union of Greek Radio Amateurs (SZ1SV) Association of Radio Amateurs of Greece (SZ1GRC) Association of Greek Radio Amateurs (SZ1HAG) Union of Radio Amateurs of Western Greece (SZ1A) RSF Hellas Volunteer Communications and Rescue Team (SZ1RSF) Thermos Trichonidos Radio Amateur Group (SZ1THT) Association of Radio amateurs IRIS Lavrio Amateur Radio Group Association of Radio Amateur Networks (E.RA.DIK) Area 2 E.R.V.E. (SZ2TSL) E.RA.K. (SZ2SZ) E.RA.DY.M. (SZ2RWM) Thessaloniki Amateur Radio Group (SZ2T) Association of Radio Amateurs of Veria - Alexandria - Naoussa (SZ2VAN) Edessa Radio Club (SZ2EDE) Standard Radio Amateur Group (SZ2RPO) SY.RA.P. (SZ2RCP) Radio Amateur Club of Macedonia (SZ2M) Kastoria Amateur Radio Association (SZ2RCK) Association of Radio Amateurs of Kozani (SZ2KOZ) Florina Radio Club (SZ2RLF) Thessaloniki Radio Club SZ2GR Association of Radio Amateurs of Imathia Prefecture Area 3 E.R.DY.P. (SZ3P) Association of Radio Amateurs of Ilia (SZ3I) Association of Radio Amateurs of Laconia (SZ3BCE) Association of Radio Amateurs of Peloponnese Peloponnese Amateur Radio Volunteer Group Area 4 Union of Radio Amateurs of Thessaly (SZ4THE) Union of Radio Amateurs of Trikala (SZ4TRI) Karditsa Radio Club (SZ4KRD) Association of Radio Amateurs of Magnesia (SZ4SRM) Area 5 Union of Radio Amateurs of Dodecanese (SZ5RDS) Area 6 Union of Radio Amateurs of Ioannina (SZ6IOA) Union of Radio Amateurs of Arta (SZ6ARTA) Association of Radio Amateurs of Preveza (SZ6P) Area 7 Association of Radio Amateurs of Thrace (SZ7TRC) Association of Radio Amateurs of Kavala (SZ7KVL) Association of Radio Amateurs of Serres (SZ7SER) Drama Radio Amateurs Association (SZ7DRM) Telecommunications Union of Thrace (SZ7XAN) Radio Amateurs Association of Xanthi (SZ7XTH) Evros Digenis Akritas Radio Amateurs Association (SZ7DAK) Area 8 Union of Radio Amateurs of Cyclades (SZ8ERS) Union of Radio Amateurs of Lefkada (SZ8L) Union of Radio Amateurs of the North Aegean (SZ8LSV) Radio Amateurs Association of Lesvos (SZ8LES) Union of Radio Amateurs of Chios (SZ8ARC) Association of Radio Amateurs of Chios (SZ8XIO) Union of Radio Amateurs of the Central Aegean (SZ8S) Association of Radio Amateurs of Corfu (SZ8CFU) Association of Radio Amateurs of Naxos (SZ8NX) Union of Radio Amateurs of Evia (SZ8ERE) Area 9 Union of Radio Amateurs of Crete (SZ9ERK)

© Hellas-FRN.net © Hellas-FRN.net The view of the structure in the horizontal optical axis front to back. The box is made of ABS of good quality and thermal resistance of at least 100 degrees Celsius. For RF shielding reasons it is designed with the grounding levels as shown in the picture. The entire surface of the two lids is covered internally with a shield connected to the computer ground (not the P/D - it has a separate ground). The main board is double-sided and apart from its active lines for the circuit, the rest of the surface is a shield surface with multiple top and bottom via connections. A small piece of this double surface around the 5-pin connection to the P/D is independent from the rest and belongs to the grounding of the P/D. All the surfaces connected to the respective grounds of the front and back sides create in the closed box a Faraday cage. (Drawing sizes are indicative and not scaled) © Hellas-FRN.net The view of the construction on the vertical optical axis up - down. The grounding arrangement of the front and back sides of the structure follows the same philosophy as the double surfaces. In the center the figure represents the main board whose grounds are connected to those of the faces. A small part of the front face necessarily belongs to the ground of the W/D since that is where the sliders are placed potentiometers of the P/D modulation and their grounding is not common. The two surfaces of the grounds per board are connected together by a number of vias. (Drawing sizes are indicative and not scaled) As shown together 5 main boards of version 1.2S during assembly and before being placed in their boxes. © Hellas-FRN.net © Hellas-FRN.net © Hellas-FRN.net * Trade marks FTDI, PROLIFIC, CMEDIA are not belonging to us. ** Depending the production year and version. Time protection of the gateway in TX and RX mode. Selectable ON or OFF, by external switch in front. The limiter works even on transceivers with VOX mode. Independent audio LEVEL and TONE (+ - 6db) for TX and RX. Full galvanic isolation between PC and Transceiver, as well as full RF shielding. Internal power supply 5V, accepting 8-30VDC/2A from an external voltage source. 5pin Din connector for input and output controls [AUDIO IN, AUDIO OUT, PTT, AF UNLOCKED (cos), XMTR's GND]. Adjustment for each type of transceiver. (Base, Mobile, Portable). USB Type B output for PC connection. Dual PTT, to and from the PC program (via UART chip and microcontroller). Using FTDI* or Prolific. *, ** Internal sound cart based on Cmedia* chip. Protection against RF and for use with HF transceivers. Two-level board with metallic holes and vias for integrating upper and lower surface ground grids. Independent indications for power on, RX-TX and lock. USB Type A output for additional purposes. (Gives back the PC's used USB by the interface for use a CAT/CV-I or any other, as keyboard, mouse etc.) Reset function. Selectable power supply source. External (8-30V), Internal (5V from PC USB). Added ground point on the back face. For FRN, Echolink, Ham Radio Deluxe, Wmix, SSTV, WSJT-X, FT8, FT4, JT65, UI-View 32 and more other. Supports voice and audio digital modes. Power Consumption: USB < 158mA @ 4,8-5,2V DC. PTT: Open collector, driven from RTS/DTR, max 30V/400mA SQL: Input, normal closed @ high +5v DC to activate. Wired to CTS USB-B : Supports USB 1.1, USB 2 high speed. USB-A : Supports USB 1.1, USB 2 high speed (for optional module or others), max output current 500mA Timer : 3 min on TX/RX (When switch is ON) TX/RX : Supports full doublex (TX and RX on the same time) Level control : TX/RX 0 ~ +6dB Tone control : TX/RX + /-6dB Indicator Leds : Blue : External power plugged in. Red : Time limiter is activated & input audio is muted Dual led : Green RX signal SQL input is activated / Red TX signal PTT out is activated / Orange full doublex SQL and PTT is activated Audio Out : Output Level: 1.9V p-p max. Response: 20 Hz - 10 KHz +/-3dB Output impedance: 600 Ohms Output isolation: 6,5 kVDC Second Harmonic: -80 dB (typical) D/A Sample rate: 48 KHz max Audio In : Input Level: 4.3V p-p max. Response: 20 Hz - 10 KHz +/- 3 dB Input impedance : 600 Ohms Input isolation: 6,5 kVDC Dynamic Range: 87 dB (typical) A/D Sample rate: 48 KHz Operation temperature : -10 to +60 °C Dimensions: W 155mm x H 40mm x D 105mm Requirements: Minimum : 800 MHz IBM PC compatible computer with Windows XP, 256 MB RAM, USB 1.1 port Recommended : 1.6 GHz PC with Windows Vista or higher, 1GB RAM, USB2.0 port Supported operating systems : Windows XP ,Vista , Windows 7, 8,10,11 , Linux (see note) , Mac OS (see note) , Raspberry (all). Note : -Needs drivers for Mac OS Prolific version -Linux : Need drivers only for RedHat 7.3/8.0/9.0 Prolific version -PTT output & SQL input are provided via a single TTL device using native FTDI* or Prolific* drivers for the operating system. -USB sound card Cmedia uses built-in OS native USB Audio Class drivers. *Depending on the production year and version . Features - Specifications -Technical Data Audio card CM108 frequency response ΠΡΟΣΟΧΗ ! Στα παλαιότερα μοντέλα της 1.2 έκδοσης και τα οποία έχουν σταματήσει να κατασκευάζονται, δεν υπάρχει εσωτερικό τροφοδοτικό, οπότε αν θελήσετε να βάλετε εξωτερική τροφοδοσία αυτή πρέπει να είναι αναγκαστικά 5VDC , ώστε να μην προκληθεί ζημιά στα ενεργά στοιχεία του interface από υπέρταση. m-interface v.1.2 in field use for digital communication with NVIS transmission FT-857D with μ-INTERFACE operating FT8 FT-2000D with μ-INTERFACE. FT-450 with μ-INTERFACE operating FT8

The AllStarLink network availability is over 99,99% . Over the past four years, AllStarLink has seen phenomenal growth. Four years ago, around 2,000 nodes were connecting to our servers at the same time. Now we are seeing over 10.000 nodes. With a generous grant from ARDC, last year we released ASL 3. It is the first new client in 15 years for AllStarLink. ASL 3 has been re-engineered to run on Asterisk 22 LTS with the latest Debian 12 Linux release and modern hardware. This is a major update for current customers running Asterisk Version 1.4. The new release incorporates over 15 years of Asterisk bug fixes, significant security improvements and enhancements. The update required extensive modification of "app_rpt", the Asterisk application that is Allstar. Many memory leaks have been addressed, modules now load or refresh more reliably, and many bugs have been fixed. All of this contributes to improved stability and uptime. We recommend that all AllStarLink users upgrade their devices, PCs, and Raspberry Pis to use the latest version of ASL 3. Over 3,700 nodes have already been upgraded and are currently using ASL 3. This includes nodes using Raspberry Pi 3, 4, or 5 (many of which were running Hamvoip), x86_64/AMD computers, and cloud nodes, Kits4Hams SHARI boxes, Node-Ventures ClearNodes, Repeater Builder, and Hotspot Radios. To learn more, read the ASL3 Handbook or join the AllStarLink Community. If you are using a hotspot device, we recommend that you contact the hardware manufacturer for specific upgrade instructions. Use the link below for a live view of Allstar Link connections Worldwide. The greatest concentration is observed in the USA (mainly) and England. The rest of the countries are slowly following this global way of communication that does not eliminate either the existing analog P/D and analog communication, nor the digital one, due to the interconnection capability. With the help of this suitable but not difficult connections, everything is now possible. https://stats.allstarlink.org/maps/allstarUSAMap.html AllStarLink is a network of Amateur Radio repeaters, remote base stations and hot spots accessible to each other via Voice over Internet Protocol. AllStarLink runs on a dedicated computer (including the Rasperry Pi) that you host at your home, radio site or computer center. It is based on the open source Asterisk PBX running our app_rpt application. App_rpt makes Asterisk a powerful system capable of controlling one or more radios. It provides linking of these radio "nodes" to other systems of similar construction anywhere in the world via VoIP. AllStarLink's primary use is as a dedicated computer node wired to your repeater or radio. Connections from Echolink, other VoIP clients and telephone calls are supported. ALL STAR LINK worldwide users