Click on the image to proceed HBlink represents a server-side implementation of the Home-Brew Repeater protocol as defined by DMR+, MMDVM and Brandmeister. One can speak as a "peer/client" (ie a repeater or hotspot), or as a "server/master" (ie as any of the DMR networks an MMDVM device connects to). It has tools for selectively routing calls between groups of one or more devices. It can do this statically or dynamically. The number of "systems" (groups of devices or connections to other servers) and the number of devices connected to those systems are limited by the speed and size of available CPU and RAM respectively. HBlink is remarkably efficient for a Python program, and its upgrade to HBLink3 is about the corresponding use of the Python3 program. HBlink does not implement protocol translation to analog, or YSF, or D-Star or anything else.

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Press on the image to see the dashboard C4FM C4FM stands for Continuous Four Level Frequency Modulation and is a FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) modulation method. C4FM is a digital modulation technology. What your radio uses over the air to talk digitally to other digital radios and repeaters. Fusion This is the name that Yaesu has given their implementation of C4FM. The full name is really System Fusion. It is not a new technology but a marketing term created by Yaesu for referring to their C4FM. You can learn about System Fusion on the Yaesu website here: http://systemfusion.yaesu.com/what-is-system-fusion/ Wires-X Wires-X is a technology that runs on top of System Fusion. It provides a network of repeaters. Wires-X has a concept called rooms where multiple repeaters and nodes can connect and talk to each other. A room is similar to a reflector in D-Star, a Talk Group in DMR and a conference in Echolink. Wires-X provides a directory of connected rooms and manages the connections from Nodes/Repeaters to each room. In addition, Wires-X provides a way from the radio to change to a different room, search rooms and more. Some radios have more features than others because of touch screens, etc. There is also the ability to send messages and pictures, put them in a common message store on each node or room for others to read (think of news). Without Wires-X, System Fusion is just a communication protocol. YSF YSF short for Yaesu System Fusion really is not a Yaesu technology when looking at the YSF servers. It is another method of creating a room where other System Fusion users can connect together. Unlike Wires-X, there is no central management of the rooms that are up and available. There are directories of YSF servers (for example: https://register.ysfreflector.de/ and many of the digital softwares you run on your computer also maintain lists for easy selection. The important thing to note is that System Fusion repeaters cannot directly access these servers. To get from Wires-X on Yaesu System Fusion to a YSF server, you need a bridge (more on that in a bit). You can find YSF rooms connected on some repeaters that are running the MMDVM software as their repeater controller. Some of you may also know it as Pi-Star which is a pretty interface over the MMDVM software. Bridge A bridge is a way of connecting 2 different protocols or technology together. It is similar in concept to a cross band repeater that for example takes in a signal on 2 Meters and transmits it back out on 70cm. Since YSF cannot directly talk to Wires-X, there is a bridge that can talk to both YSF and Wires-X. When it hears something on Wires-X it sends it to YSF and the opposite happens when it hears something on YSF. There are multiple ways you can bridge between the networks. One method is simply setting up a Wires-X node with a radio and setting up a YSF/FCS node with a radio on the same frequency. Very similar to what cross band repeat does. There are some that may be able to make the translation using software. For example, a our XLX reflector translates from Brandmeister DMR TG 20222 to XLX165 Module B all in software digitally. It never decodes the audio. That is possible because both use the AMBE2 format. For example, if you wanted to take the same DMR and put it on D-Star you would need to drop it to audio first and back because D-Star uses the older AMBE protocol. Since Fusion, YSF and FCS are all using AMBE2, it can be done easily in software. It is possible that there is a bridge between Wires-X and YSF and then one between YSF and FCS with no bridge between FCS and Wires-X. This would mean that when someone keys up on A Wires-X repeater, it would connect to YSF via a Bridge and then YSF would connect with FCS through a bridge. It can get very complicated and it is important to remember that every bridge adds delay. Too much delay and people are talking over each other.

Command to transmit via COM port (RS 232) The following photos show how a simple adapter (interface) can be made between a radio and a PC. A 9 pin connector has DTR on pin 4 and pin 5 is GROUND. (GND) Accessories These are the components used in the circuit: R1 = 330 Ω (Orange, Orange, Brown) (Resistor) R2 = 12 Ω (Brown, Red, Black) (Resistor) R3 = 1 kiloΩ (Brown, Black, Red) (Resistor) R4 = 1.5 kΩ (Brown, Green, Red) (Resistor) C1 = 4.7 microfarads (capacitor) D1 = 1N4148 (diode) T1 = BC549 (transistor) Plugs 2 stereo plugs for connecting to the sound card. 1 sub-d connector female for the COM port. 1 or 2 plugs for the P/D, depending on its model. Settings for the FRN Client The photo shows how to set up the FRN program to send the command through a COM port. Don't forget to disable VOX on the R/D. Select "Settings-->Adapter" (interface) to open the interface menu. Alternative circuits for adapting transceivers with a computer (interfaces). 1. Simple interface for handheld wireless. 2. Simple interface for mobile or base wireless 3. Interface without common grounding (galvanic isolation) for mobile or base wireless.

Free projects are only for private use and not for commercial use. U-Ham Group have all the rights on all these free projects and could make changes at any time without any prior notice, so be updated frequently. User can use the projects at his own risk. Temperature dependent fan speed controller Schematic Features fan controller Adjustable start point Voltage operating range: 9v-15v Maximum temperature sensor cable length 1 meter LED indicator light for fan operation -------------------------------------------------- ------- It concerns a simple circuit to control the speed of a cooling fan based on the temperature measured by a temperature sensor (thermistor) placed at a suitable point on the P/D to "read" as closely as possible the output temperature of the machine. It is of course recommended to use a quality thermal paste for more reliable results. The whole circuit is designed on the property of the thermistor to change its internal resistance depending on the temperature change in its body. This one is of negative temperature coefficient -Negative Temperature Coefficient or otherwise NTC, which reduces its resistance as the temperature rises. This causes the mosfet Q1 to trig proportionally to its gate and by extension to affect the voltage of the fan and make it increase revolutions proportionally. There is a voltage threshold above which the fan starts to spin and in which the setting of VR1 plays a decisive role which creates a voltage divider and beyond that the revolutions depend proportionally on the temperature affecting the thermistor. The reverse also applies in case of a decrease in temperature. How to adjust the temperature sensor. Locate the VR1 regulator. Connect the voltage 13.8VDC and the fan as in the photo. Press the sensor with two fingers and with a screwdriver adjust VR1 until the fan is ready to start and the LED just starts to light up. Normally, this setting causes the fan to start slowly as the temperature reaches about 36°C and then increase the fan speed as the temperature rises. The opposite happens when the temperature drops and below 36°C the fan slows down until the falling voltage level cannot keep it spinning. Turn VR1 until the fan is at such a speed that it keeps the temperature at the level you want and if you want to change it from the set 36°C. Place the fan far enough away from the P/W heatsink that it will be effective, but not so close that it touches, as the reflected airflow comes back through the fan body and cancels the flow itself. Linkage (Applies to off-the-shelf device) Watch out for any mistakes especially in the position and polarity of the 13.8VDC wiring. The subpoenas can be seen in the photo. PCB The board was designed to match the specific plastic box

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Click on the image to see the dashboard The full form of NXDN is Narrowband Digital Exchange. It is defined by two main organizations viz. Icom Incorporated and Kenwood Corporation. It operates in VHF/UHF frequency bands and uses FDMA technology. Following are the specifications of NXDN. • NXDN offers clear voice quality with minimal background noise and interference. • NXDN offers secure communication through its digital encryption capabilities. • NXDN operates on either a 12.5 kHz channel or a 6.25 kHz channel bandwidth. It allows single carrier on one channel at a time. • NXDN supports multi-site trunking which enables seamless communication over a wide area by interconnecting multiple base stations. • NXDN supports data applications such as text messaging, telemetry, status monitoring and GPS location tracking. • NXDN offers better coverage and extends range compared to analog radio systems. • Some NXDN systems support roaming capabilities. • Many NXDN radios support both digital and analog modes which facilitates a smooth transition from analog to digital systems.

Click on the image to proceed Click on the image to proceed DVSwitch is a Client-Server application for Amateur Radio Digital Voice. This provides a "Server" application running on a Raspberry Pi (RPi) or other Linux platform. It can also be installed on a cloud server with Linux. The server application is distributed as an RPi image with all features and functions installed. Therefore, there is no need to download additional modules or programs or install them yourself on a Raspberry Pi. There are two clients available for DVSwitch. One is Android and it is available in the Google App Store to display almost any type of Android device. In addition to this there is also the python USRP Client (pyUC) which is available for use on Windows, Linux or Mac. DVSwitch supports all current Digital Voice functions without any additional hardware, except for D-Star. For the D-Star, an external vocoder circuit is used, such as the Northwest Digital ThumbDV dongle. For other functions, the Vocoder software included with DVSwitch provides high-quality sound, and while DVSwitch has been around for a long time, it was somewhat complicated to set up and mostly used by deep computer geeks. But with this version, an average radio amateur can get it up and running in less than 10 minutes. This release provides many new features, including the ability to change functions dynamically, customize Talk Groups, rooms and repeaters, either from the server or the client, and dynamically switch between DMR networks such as Brandmeister, TGIF, QRM etc.

Full sound card management (CM108) with USB-C for access to a computer or raspberry running the AllStarLink3 program on linux. From the device's aspects one can easily appreciate the flexibility of connections and the variety of settings. The sound effect created is exactly what is required for proper communication. Its use is not necessarily exclusive to AllStarLink, but also anywhere else where acoustic information is required for an amateur radio program running on a computer. More technical information and features will be available later.